Syncope
Syncope (SING-kuh-pee) is a temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain. It's also called fainting or "passing out." It most often occurs when blood pressure is too low (hypotension) and the heart doesn't pump enough oxygen to the brain.
It may be preceded by lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness, or nausea. The person may be pale and have a weak pulse. Recovery is usually quick and complete.
Causes
- Vasovagal syncope — triggered by an emotional response such as fear, pain, or the sight of blood
- Situational syncope — related to specific situations such as coughing, swallowing, or urinating
- Postural (orthostatic) hypotension — a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up
- Heart or blood vessel problems
- Neurological conditions
- Medications that lower blood pressure
Symptoms
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Tunnel vision
- Nausea
- Feeling warm
- Pale skin
- Sudden loss of consciousness
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause. If syncope is caused by a heart condition, treatment may include medications or a pacemaker. For vasovagal syncope, avoiding triggers and increasing fluid and salt intake may help. Your doctor will determine the best course of treatment based on your specific situation.
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